Shakespeares portrayal of Hotspur in Act 3 Scene 1 Essay Example for Free

Shakespeares depiction of Hotspur in Act 3 Scene 1 Essay With close reference used to emotional techniques, talk about Shakespeare’s depiction of Hotspur in Act 3 Scene 1. Hotspur has a few progressing qualities in the play, with the principle one that is continually being presented is his conceit that appears in his cooperation with different characters. In line 16, subsequent to tuning in to Glendower’s gloat, Hotspur feels that his personality has been compromised. This character improvement discloses to us that Hotspur doesn’t like to be outshone by others. â€Å"Why, so can I, or so can any man, however will they come when you do call for them?† Hotspur’s provoking tone is appeared here as he asserts anybody can do what Glendower says he can do, however questions on the off chance that it will really work, putting down him. â€Å"Methinks my moiety, north from Burton here, in amount approaches not one of yours.† Hotspur accepts he merits more, and he would re-course the channel to get his direction; â€Å"And here the self-satisfied and silver Trent will run in another channel, reasonable and uniformly. It will not twist with such a profound indent, to deny me of so rich a base here.† Hotspur needs a greater amount of what he has just got and isn’t thankful for his offers, with this demonstrating his narcissistic and egocentric character. Hotspur continually talks in an insulting tone to other people and regularly impolitely interferes with them in bits of discourse. In this specific scene, Hotspur is being depicted by Shakespeare as an ill bred character. He gruffly denies Glendower’s brag about his enchantment powers and taunts him when he specifies the meteor shower that happened the evening of his introduction to the world, â€Å"Why, so it would have done at a similar season if your mother’s feline had yet kittened, however yourself had never been born.†, which lets his hostile personality to encourage rubbing between his partners. His conspicuous suppositions isn't really an awful quality in any case, as this gives us that he bears everything to anyone who might be in the vicinity, and is straightforward with others; regardless of whether it be negative or positive. â€Å"Let me not get you, at that point; talk it in Welsh.† This repetitive trademark adds character improvement to Hots pur. With regards to plot improvement, Hotspur overlooking the guide toward the beginning of the scene shows that he is illogical and has an absence of foreknowledge. Likewise, his absence of modernity and refinement is demonstrated when he affronts writing, which means Shakespeare depicts Hotspur as uncultured. His red hot and contentious side is shown with his utilization of symbolism in the scene, anyway his political naivety in likewise uncovered as he permits individual sentiments to barge in on his own connections, and presents his absence of strategic development. Hotspur’s presumption is uncovered when he starts contending for contending after connection with Glendower in a clash of wills makes Hotspur brag after Glendower surrenders, and by and by takes care of into his prideful side. Something else built up in this scene is Hotspur’s notoriety, as after more connection with Glendower, he uncovers what others state about him and that he has an eminent, scandalous and fearsome notoriety. Hotspur is known to be a daring, merciless warrior in fight. His touchiness and crazy demeanor has picked up himself an epithet, yet in addition a rash status. Hotspur’s best attribute, his strength and brisk temper, is likewise his most noticeably terrible defect, as he might be valiant in fight however can't control or work with partners, and is uncouth. His fast temper makes him distance Glendower, one of his family’s most significant partners, which is certifiably not a savvy move. Hotspur isn't just impolite to his partners, yet additionally his Lady. He jokes to her â€Å"Come, Kate, thou craftsmanship flawless in resting. Come, snappy, fast, that I may lay my head in thy lap.† He later says â€Å"Come, Kate, I’ll have your tune too.† To which she answers â€Å"Not mine, in great sooth.† Instead of releasing it, Hotspur gets goaded at Lady Percy; â€Å"Not yours, in great sooth! Heart, you swear like a comfit-maker’s wife!† He attempts one final chance to persuade her â€Å"Come, sing.† But she still won’t, to which he leaves out of frustration; â€Å"I’ll away inside these two hours, thus come in when ye will.† and leaves her in tears. Hotspur dismisses other’s sentiments and wishes, even his Lady’s. This raises Hotspur’s barbarous ways and his untainted activities when he doesn't get his way, alongside his self-centeredness, and his unreliability towards his own connections. In this scene, Shakespeare keeps on depicting Hotspur with a taunting demeanor, a hot tempered brain, his receptive outlook and the way that he is a heartless warrior, and begins to raise his conceited, restless and juvenile acts, that is primarily drawn out into the open through his connection with different characters and his activities during warmed and typical minutes, from fight, to discussions in the Boar’s Head Tavern.

Sacred Exchange Between Saint Francis and Lady Poverty

THE SACRED EXCHANGE BETWEEN SAINT FRANCIS AND LADY POVERTY INTRODUCTION The Franciscan Order has been burdened with the debate on the issue of the recognition of neediness. During the lifetime of Saint Francis of Assisi, there were at that point groups in the Order; the group that were agreeable to living the Franciscan charism in another measurement are known as the tolerant and the insightful, and the individuals who are supportive of keeping to the first method of living the Franciscan Charism, are frequently called the buddies; â€Å"we who were with him†.After the passing of Francis, the discussion turned out to be increasingly extreme between the Friars of the Community, who looked to live the Rule and neediness of the Franciscan life in towns and urban areas with the motivation of the author, and the spirituals that tried to live the strict recognition of Rule with a progressively grave adherence. This discussion on the issue of the recognition of destitution provoked s uch a significant number of monks from the two groups to distribute books with regards to the recognition of neediness. Instances of books distributed include: Sacred Exchange between St Francis of Assisi and Lady Poverty by an obscure writer, The Legend of the Three Companions by Br.Leo, Br. Rufino and Br. Angelo, The Tree of the Crucified Life of Jesus Christ by Ubertino Da Casale, The Tribulations of the Order of Lesser Ones by Angelo Clarino, the Little blossoms of St Francis and so on. In this article, I will clarify in subtleties the data that the writer is attempting to go opposite a portion of the subthemes of the book entitled, â€Å"The Sacred Exchange between St Francis of Assisi and Lady Poverty†, that is explicitly written with regards to the exacting recognition of neediness, demonstrating where the writer is composing from, the time of organization and the point of the writer and the general public of his time.The Sacred Exchange as it were, called the heavenly trade between St Francis and Lady Poverty was composed or formed somewhere in the range of 1237 and 1239, barely any years after the passing of St Francis of Assisi. It was composed this time on the grounds that there were at that point passes in the recognition of destitution only hardly any years after the demise of the organizer. Additionally during these years, Pope Gregory IX, a dear companion of Francis and the main Cardinal defender of the Order, gave an ecclesiastical declaration qualified â€Å"Quo elongati† tended to for the Friars egarding the recognition of the Rule and Testament of Saint Francis. Moreover, Br. Elias was chosen as the Minister General of the Order and a gigantic Church was being worked out of appreciation for St Francis in the city of Assisi. All these improvement energize the unwinding of the strict recognition of destitution, accordingly making more division inside the Order. Thusly, this book was created with rich purposeful anecdote seasoned with such a significant number of scriptural references to protect, urge and to help the monks to remember the significance of the exacting recognition of neediness in the Order.AUTHOR Up right up 'til the present time, the writer of this book is as yet obscure, yet there are recommendations that the writer could be St Anthony of Padua, Blessed John of Parma or Caesar of Speyer, in light of the fact that there are similitudes in their composing style with that of Sacred Exchange. It is sure this was created by a merciful Franciscan Friar who is knowledgeable and familiar with what was happening in the Order at that time.His skilled blessing surfaced in the manner he embodied Poverty as a Lady, in light of the fact that the word â€Å"lady† implies a youthful excellent and aware lady that knows her value and doesn't look for after men; rather men consistently look for after her and she reacts with affection and consideration to the genuine man who looks for her. Clarifications ON THE SUB-THEMES BLESSED FRANCIS ASKS ABOUT POVERTY Here, the creator presents the Lady destitution as a fine, wonderful lady whom Francis is enthusiastically looking for with extraordinary eagerness and alert. In his mission to discovering her, he ran over certain individuals in the city of the towns and urban areas and enquired of the whereabouts of Lady Poverty.The creator in this segment, attempted to depict the individuals living in the urban communities as those ministers who were living in the urban communities and in this way, since they live in the urban communities, they couldn't comprehend what Francis is stating. As per the creator, the ministers that live in the towns and urban communities can't watch the exacting recognition of neediness, since they are living in the common piece of the world thus it will be hard for them to experience the strict recognition of destitution. That is the reason they couldn't comprehend what Francis was enquiring from them and they advi sed Francis to talk in their own words or what Francis is stating is unfamiliar to them. The individuals in the towns and urban areas are progressively inclined to common requests and exercises to the degree that neediness is viewed as an awful and loathsome thing not to be appreciated or watched. I will go to the best and the insightful: According to the creator, Francis imagined that in the event that he went to the astute and the indulgent, they would assist him with discovering Lady Poverty, yet when he got to the shrewd and enquired, they censured him that he ought not come to them in regards to anything managing destitution; that they are content with their good times and extravagance.Here the creator attempted to depict the ministers living in the urban areas and those occupied with concentrates as the tolerant and the savvy that Francis met. That is the reason the creator, with all due respect of the associates and their concept of the exacting recognition destitution, put t hese announcement in the mouth of Francis that he wondered and favor God for concealing these things to the tolerant and the shrewd (that is the ministers in the urban communities), and uncovering them to the little ones (that is Friars in the isolations) that are devoted to the recognition of poverty.After he left the city, he immediately went to a specific field from a remote place, he saw two elderly people men squandered away from incredible distress: Here Francis left the city where the common, merciful and insightful are (Friars in urban areas) and went to certain field and met with two elderly people men clad in distress (Friars in seclusions). Here the creator is passing on a message that those that try to watch the exacting recognition of neediness are not found in urban areas but instead in country, and remote spots like the fields, or the hermitages.In different words the creator is stating that these are the Friars who are devoted to the recognition of destitution, for t hey live far away from urban communities and their homes are at the seclusions which obviously are found in the remote territories. Whom will I regard aside from the person who is poor and humble in soul and the person who trembles at my words: Here the creator is passing on a message that the exacting recognition of destitution is more important than compliance to the specialists, for the Rule is the Gospel and the Gospel is Christ Jesus who is God, the most elevated authority.We brought nothing into this world the other said and without question we don't remove anything from it, however having food and whatever covers us, we are content with these: The creator is stating that a genuine Friar that watch neediness will be content with the fundamental things of life which are food and whatever covers them; this is in absolute differentiation to those monks in towns and urban areas looking for independence and information. This additionally shows how significant and astute the monks i n the seclusions are in their genuine recognition of destitution. (Hallowed Exchange, p. 530, n. 6 and 8) HE ASKS TO BE SHOWN WHERE POVERTY LIVESFrancis asks the two elderly people men; reveal to me I implore you, where does Lady Poverty stay? Where does she eat? Where does she rest around early afternoon? For I mope in affection for her: Comparing the way in which Francis asked the two elderly people Men (â€Å"I ask you†), and the way he asked the merciful and those in the city of towns and urban areas, you will see that the creator intentionally put the announcement (â€Å"I ask you†), to bring up the way that Francis considered the to be men as one of â€Å"the minimal ones†, to whom God has uncovered the riddles of the realm of God and, along these lines, they could provide him insight with regards to how to discover Lady Poverty.Furthermore, the creator purposely put the three inquiries, which in Hebrew numbering framework, three things, represents generou s and genuine. That implies Francis’ questions are significant and of genuine issue since he is extremely genuine to meet Lady Poverty. Francis’ excitement, fretfulness, undying want and love for Lady Poverty, demonstrates that destitution is in fact advantageous to be watched truly and not to be relinquished. Great Brother: The elderly people men called Francis â€Å"good brother† in light of the fact that they additionally observe Francis as a likeminded individual, that is they and Francis are looking to watch poverty.Furthermore, it is passing on a message that those that watch destitution without sparkle, are the acceptable siblings, that is, the loyal lesser siblings. We have stayed here for a period and for times and a large portion of a period: Here the creator is attempting to depict the way that these elderly people Men have made the field (that is, the abandoned spot) as their new dwelling place where they are living. They fled the urban areas to the remote spot to steadfastly and appropriately watch woman neediness. They disclosed to Francis that many quest for her and when they discover her, they went with her for some time, yet they will disregard her by herself.The creator is passing on a message that toward the start, the uprightness of neediness is yearned for and reliably saw by individuals, and strict specifically, yet inevitably they can get tepid in the recognition of destitution because of the allurement of the common belongings and afterward continuously relinquishing. The offspring of my mom have battled against me: Meaning that those that tried to have and to watch her (I. e. Woman Poverty) sooner or later, have surrendered her, she cried out.But the elderly people Men will say to Lady Poverty that the upstanding adoration her; implying that lone the upstanding ones that are decide to live profoundly and deny the world and his allurements, by living in the abandoned spots like the isolation are the ones that genuin ely love her.

Techfair!

Techfair! This IAP, Cambridge defied its cold-weather stereotype yet again by not only refusing to snow for more than a few days, but by having unreasonably beautiful, balmy days straight through most of January. They almost made me want to wake up and go outside. In a manner not dissimilar to that of this videos protagonist, I actually did. Last Monday, I and other early risers traveled as far as the lawless borders of West Campus to check out Techfair, MITs annual student-run technology expo. It features and is sponsored by tons of tech companies over 60 this year but also shows off and helps fund student projects. a  day at the fair I was welcomed to Techfair by various collections of informative novelty balloons, and  Voltage Coffees owner, Lucy, who made me a ridiculously delicious chili-cinnamon hot chocolate. At one booth down the first row, a few students had seen fit to revive the traditional Olympic sport of DDR Tetris.  Beside them, representatives from Lytro were demoing their new product, a camera with a sensor that captures much more light information than normal cameras, which just calculate a color for each pixel and leave it at that. Its most heavily marketed capability is the ability to refocus pictures after they are taken or rather, I guess, to generate 2D projections simulating the effects of a particular focal length, using the massive data from an image capture. Since all that awesome vector information is captured, they also have the capabilities to generate parallax shifts and 3D representations of captured scenes, which theyre still working on the software for. The  Hobby Shop  is a fun machine shop open to all members of the MIT community. Here, some of its acolytes show off their musical gadgetry: a translucent acrylic violin, an electric ukulele shaped like a tiny electric guitar, an electric guitar shaped like a normal-sized electric guitar, and several intricately hand-carved traditional instruments. You all know what this is. Not far from the Hobby Shop booth, MITERS, best described as People Who Make Stuff, and oft-mentioned on these blogs in posts about Charles Guan,  was crackling with crazy creations. Their Jacobs Ladder was festooned with the second-largest capacitors Ive ever touched. Also present: an 8-foot tall Wimshurst generator, and enough quadrotors to down an elephant. Swag, lots of swag. If my collection of free knockoff Ray-Bans continues to see the same growth it did over Techfair, I should be able to sculpt a pair of giant novelty sunglasses big enough to fill this venue from the melted-down materials within a year. In stark contrast to my terrible jokes, Twitter had some beautiful notebooks, jobs, and data to flaunt. Couldnt help but stop and admire the suave graphic presentation of Palantirs printed blurbs about Serious Things In Life, a.k.a. jobs. The student exhibitors had a fewnovelty methods of transportation. Bullet was by far the most active; I saw at least five people test-driving it over the course of the day. hackathon The weekend before the big event, Techfair held an inter-school hackathon sponsored by Facebook, who shuttled in undergrad hackers from Brown and Harvard. At intervals, they ordered food with enthusiastically generous margins for error. The schedule for the night/morning went something like this: 8PM: Chinese food 1AM: pizza 7AM: bagels 12PM: Cosis 2PM: presentations, prizes, eternal glory Understandably, the room turned into this very quickly: sideshow attractions Techfair is accompanied by a host of other events, including company tech talks, a startup panel, and a company banquet. The  tech talks, which spanned an entire Saturday, addressed topics such as commercial developments in speech recognition software and controlling neurons with light. The latter sounds like an overexaggeration out of a Cracked article about world domination, but in all seriousness, an  MIT Media Lab professor  is currently using this technique to research the inner workings of cognition and treatments for brain disorders such as epilepsy and Parkinsons. While were at it, lets not forget the afterparty Techfair held on the top floor of the Media Lab. Yes, the one with the riverfront balcony and floor-to-ceiling glass windows. It was insanely cool to see everyones efforts come together for Techfair, from the sleeplessness of the weekend hackathon and its thirty boxes of pizza, to all the demos and prototypes that companies from tiny startups to Microsoft had brought in, to the Tesla coil that suddenly started throwing lightning bolts from the MITERS booth in the middle of the afternoon. Stay exciting forever, guys. Techfair will be looking for applicants for its planning board in the fall. If you want to be part of the team that makes it all happen, keep an eye out! Thanks to Lytro for this interactive photo. Click to refocus!

Remedial and institutional systems - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1485 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? Brief 102317 Delivery Date: 13/08/2005 Title: The remedial constructive trust has taken root in the United States and Canada: it is unlikely to do so in England Millet LJ in Restitution and Constructive Trusts 1998 114 LQR p399 Explain the differences between remedial and institutional constructive trusts and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Discuss whether judges in England and Wales are likely to adopt the remedial system. Introduction Endorsed in jurisdictions from Australia to the United States of America, the remedial constructive trust is a trust settled by court order as a remedy for a wrong. Entitlement to the remedy is an issue for the substantive law, but the trust itself is created by order of the court, not by the acts of the parties, or even by the obligation to make restitution.[1] Remedial constructive trusts are settled by equity notwithstanding any actual or presumed agreement or intention. Academic commentator s however, continue to debate the issue as to whether the trust is founded on the enforcement of proprietary rights, the avoidance of unconscionable conduct, or crafted as restitutionary remedy. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Remedial and institutional systems" essay for you Create order In so far as a constructive trust functions as a proprietary remedy, it must be carefully distinguished from the equitable process of tracing. Tracing is a necessary initial procedure for a complainant seeking a proprietary remedy.[2] The process empowers the complainant to specify and recover property held by a third party. It may be utilised in a variety of causes of action, including detinue[3] and conversion at common law and for breach of trust in equity. Note that the ordering of a remedial constructive trust is only one among several remedies that may be granted as a result of a wrong categorised as unjust enrichment. Other possible remedies include a damages order, and legal or equitable remedies as the circumstances of each particular case may dictate. Although extensive consideration has been devoted to the characteristics of the remedial constructive trust,[4] it is submitted that its essential features are still in nascent form,[5] in particular in the context of corpo rate financing. Unhelpfully, common law jurisdictions across the world are not in complete conformity regarding the definition of the trust. That said, Deane Jà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s obiter on the fundamental features of the trust in Muschinski,[6] , is one possible point of departure. Deane J stated that a constructive trust is: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A remedial institution that equity imposes regardless of any actual or presumed agreement or intention, and subsequently protects, to deny the retention or assertion of beneficial ownership of property to the extent that such retention or assertion would be contrary to equitable principles.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [7] Some of the key characteristics of the remedial constructive trust were identified by Deane J. He found, in particular, that it is not necessary to establish the existence of a pre-existing fiduciary relationship between the parties, although one may well be found to exist. He concluded that the trust is underpinned by long-settled pri nciples of equity and on the basis of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"idiosyncratic notions of fairness and justiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. His Honour resolved that the constructive trust, should properly be viewed as a remedy in personam, fastening to property that may be shaped to give force to principles of equity in sympathy with the considerations of the case at issue. This insightful statement of principle augments the discretionary aspects and flexibility of the remedial constructive trust as a remedy. Furthermore, it is pertinent to note that the recognition of any pre-existing property rights, is not a prerequisite for the establishment of a remedial constructive trust, as is the case with standard institutional constructive trusts.[8] Distinguishing between remedial and institutional constructive trusts The United Kingdom judiciary, inter alios, have tended to stress the differences between the traditional institutional constructive trust and the remedial constructive trust. It has been h eld that the former is created on equitable principles and assumes effect from the date of the circumstances that provoke its creation. Consequently, the institutional constructive trust is said to be acknowledged by the court in a declaratory way. Lord Browne-Wilkinson considered the issue in Westdeutsche Bank Landesbank Girozentrale v Islington London BC.[9] His Lordship came to the view that the remedial constructive trust could constitute a more suitable basis than the resulting trust for the development of restitutionary remedies. His Lordship stated that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the court may, by way of remedy impose a constructive trust on a defendant who knowingly retains the property of which the claimant has been unjustly deprived. Since the remedy can be tailored to the circumstances of the particular case, innocent third parties would not be prejudiced and restitutionary defences, such as change of position, are capable of being given effect.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Lord Browne-Wilkinson found, however, that the question as to the assimilation of this remedy into English law should be decided in a future case when the point was directly in issue. English courts in such cases as Metall und Rohstoff AG v Donaldson Lufkin Jenrette Inc[10] and Re Goldcorp Exchange[11] have observed that the remedial constructive trust concept might become part of English Law. That said, the Court of Appeal reached the conclusion, in Re Polly Peck International plc,[12] that although remedial constructive trusts have been endorsed by the courts in the United States and Canada, these observations were obiter and thus non-binding reasoning. On the facts of Westdeutsche Bank Landesbank Girozentrale v Islington London BC, the court ultimately refused to grant a remedial constructive trust given that there was no cogent or arguable case for the grant of such an order. In terms of the difference between remedial and institutional constructive trusts, Lord Browne- Wilkinson found, in Westdeutsche Bank: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Under an institutional constructive trust, the trust arises by operation of law as from the date of the circumstances which give rise to it: the function of the court is to declare that such a trust has arisen in the past. The consequences that arise from such a trust having arisen (including the possibly unfair consequences to third parties who in the interim have received the trust property) are also determined by rules of law, not under discretion. A remedial constructive trust, as I understand it, is different. It is a judicial remedy giving rise to an enforceable equitable obligation: the extent to which it operates retrospectively to the prejudice of third parties lies in the discretion of the court.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Institutional constructive trusts are therefore based on principles of certainty and distinguished trust property. They are granted in a variety of situations, including in particular those involving dom estic property disputes. A remedial constructive trust, however, is available in cases where no trust of any kind existed before its creation. The latter comprises a creation of the court, functioning retrospectively and yielding an enforceable obligation in equity. Subject to the facts of the case, this may operate to the detriment of third parties. Deane J mused on the validity of the distinction between institutional and remedial trusts in Muschinski.[13] He opined: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the constructive trust is seen as both a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"remedyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"institutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Indeed for the student of equity, there can be no true dichotomy between the two notions.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Muschinski[14] indicates that unjust enrichment could conceivably justify the use of a remedial constructive trust. However, it is surely prudent to consider the option on a case-by-case basis, with one keen eye on traditional, equitable notions of unconscionability, justice and fairness on the facts. THE END WORD COUNT: 1153 (excluding footnotes bibliography and case list) BIBLIOGRAPHY Restitution and Constructive Trusts (1998) 114 Law Quarterly Review The Law of Tracing, Lionel D Smith, Clarendon Press, Oxford Chang on Equity and Trusts, Taylor P., SPR Core Text CASES Muschinski v Dodds (1985) 160 CLR 583 Fortex Group Ltd (in rec liq) v MacIntosh [1998] 3 NZLR 171 Westdeutsche Bank Landesbank Girozentrale v Islington London BC [1996] AC 669 (HL) Metall und Rohstoff AG v Donaldson Lufkin Jenrette Inc [1990] 1 QB 391 Re Goldcorp Exchange [1995] 1 AC 74 Re Polly Peck International plc (No 4) [1998] 3 All ER 812 1 Footnotes [1] For comment see Chang on Equity and Trusts, Taylor P., SPR Core Text, Chapter 13. [2] See, for background comment: The Law of Tracing, Lionel D Smith, Clarendon Press, Oxford ISBN 0-19-826010-9. [3] At law, detinue is a common law remedy to secure the return of chattels (personal property or portable property) which have been wrongly converted to the use of a third party, or are being unlawfully withheld from a person with good title to the chattel. [4] See eg: Millet LJ in Restitution and Constructive Trusts 1998 114 Law Quarterly Review p399. [5] For supporting comment see: Deane J in Muschinski v Dodds (1985) 160 CLR 583. [6] Albeit a case concerning a de facto property dispute. [7] See note 5 above. [8] Note that the remedial constructive trust was described in similar terms to Deane J in Muschinski in Fortex Group Ltd (in rec liq) v MacIntosh [1998] 3 NZLR 171, by Tipping J. However, the latter judge also observed that his musings should not be regard ed as definitive, or as precluding further development of the concept. [9] [1996] AC 669 (HL). [10] [1990] 1 QB 391. [11] [1995] 1 AC 74. [12] (No 4) [1998] 3 All ER 812. [13] See note 5 above. [14] See note 5 above.

The Unusual Details Regarding Why You Want to Attend This College Essay Samples That Most People are not Aware Of

The Unusual Details Regarding Why You Want to Attend This College Essay Samples That Most People are not Aware Of The essay should include specific information regarding Oberlin College. Talk about your very first trip to the college and impressions you've got. Here's the last installment on How best To Answer Why This College. In the last few years, school uniform has also come to be a trend in nearly all of the schools in the usa. Make certain you know why you're applying to a college! You're not being requested to explain how college will allow you to grow, but how Oberlin can help you grow. DO give examples of how you'll get involved at college and have an effect on campus. Finding Why You Want to Attend This College Essay Samples Online Because you can receive free money to return to school, it's simple to observe how much difference it can make. You are going to be networking while going to school, which really can aid you down the street. It's because they want us to realize that everybody is the exact same at school. School is somewhere to give students somewhere to learn, not an area in the place where they show off their fashion sense. You simply need to go to the official site of essay writing service and you may easily get it. The essay writing service supplies you with an expert writer , which will offer your essay as you require at a manageable price. The very best essay writing solutions can be your reliable resource for research and authentic essay and can assist you with affordable rates. Order a customized essay now and quit worrying! There are a few conventional rules for IELTS Examiners that they must follow everywhere. If you realize this purpose and the other requirements are satisfied, it is probably you will be admitted. Choosing Why You Want to Attend This College Essay Samples As you pay for homework, we provide those options at no cost. There are a few topics which are absolutely unseen and students find difficulty in locating the correct direction and method of information collection. There's no predetermined structure. Moreover, there is a lot of expense to consider with continued education, like loans that have to be repaid. You don't have to fret about your personal details that may be viewed, as we handle the matter on a safe network. You are able to make your payment by any on-line payment process that you truly feel secure. You also ought to make payment through any on-line payment process that you truly feel comfortable and secure. Finish with the details of the target school that are relevant and appealing, given your objectives. I would like to offer you an example. There is an assortment of considerations. Ruthless Why You Want to Attend This College Essay Samples Strategies Exploited They'll disrespect you for life provided that they know you've explained things away! Now things started to get really intriguing. It is among the most liberating experiences. For instance, if a person does not study hard before college, they have plenty of remedial work to do. The significant truth is that what college can give especially for you in the future expert area and how are you going to implement your new wisdom and skills. At times, colleges will provide you with clues to what they are searching for in how they phrase the question, and this could help you develop ideas about how to answer it. Moreover, if students may wear casual clothing to school, they may use plenty of time paying attention what things to wear each and every day, instead of focusing on schoolwork, and this may grow to be a daily issue. To the contrary, some poor students might not be in a position to afford new clothes due to family problems.

Hrm 590 Compendstion Decisions Free Essays

HRM590: Compensation Decisions Your job now is to pull together all the information you’ve completed so far in class and make salary decisions for your team. You have completed Cathy’s evaluation and received assignment feedback. This is the first year that you’ve made salary decisions for this team. We will write a custom essay sample on Hrm 590 Compendstion Decisions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Be sure to carefully review the information provided. You may simply type in the cells as the text will automatically wrap. You are required to: 1. Enter Cathy’s appraisal rating (she is last on the list); 2. Within your budget dollars, make your salary decisions based on performance for your team taking into consideration their Salary Grade and the Pay Ranges identified for the Salary Grades (fill in the Salary Decision Column); 3. Within your budget dollars award bonus money (fill in the Bonus Dollars Column); 4. In the green line areas, provide your substantiation and risk analysis for the salary decisions made; and 5. Identify any items from this scenario in whole you may want to address. Evaluation ratings are 1 = Needs Improvement to 5 = Exceeds Expectations Salary Budget: $9,000 Bonus Budget: $5,000 Company Designated Salary Pay Ranges A2 = $12,750 – 17,000 A3 = 16,500 – 22,000 A4 = 21,000 – 28,000 |Employee Information |Salary |Current Salary |% at Pay Scale* |Appraisal Rating |Salary Decision |Bonus Dollars | | |Grade | | | | | | |Substantiation and Risk Analysis: John is a major asset to the company and the appraisal rating justifies that. His skills and experience may be hard to replace if he decides to retire early. He was given the | |highest salary decision of 8% which exceeds the company designed salary pay range. It would be a loss to the company to lose such a valuable employee. His bonus was also outstanding based on his appraisal rating | |given. | |Alice is a Hispanic female, 42YO with 17 years’ service. Alice is a good worker. She has a lot of |A4 |$22,500 |80. 4% |3 |3% |600 | |potential, which netted her the higher rating. She needs some more skills and experience at this level| | | | |$675 | | |though. | | | | | | | |Substantiation and Risk Analysis: Alice has been with the company for 17 years and does a good job, however, she has much to learn at this level and still may need more training to improve in her skills and | |experience. Her appraisal rating was average but still enough to earn the lowest salary increase of 3% and a bonus. | |Calvin, 28YO black male with 9 months service. Calvin is a real go getter. He hasn’t been with the |A4 |$26,500 |94. 6% |4 |3. 75% |600 | |company long enough to earn a higher rating, but his work is outstanding, high skill set and is looking| | | | |$994 | | |to stay with our company for a career. | | | | | | |Substantiation and Risk Analysis: Calvin is an outstanding worker and will be a major asset to the company. Even though he has not worked with us for too long, we were able to give him at 4 rating which shows that he| |is doing exceptional job in his position. Normally, employees with ratings of 4 would earn a 5% salary raise, but since Calvin has only worked for us for 9mths, we pro-rated his bonus and percentage to 3. 75%. | |Jane is a 32YO white female with 12 years’ service. Jane joined the company as an A3. Her work is |A3 |$19,100 |86. 8% |3 |3% |400 | |satisfactory, nothing to brag about, but she’s been with the company awhile and can be dependable. | | | | |$573 | | |Substantiation and Risk Analysis: Jane does get her job done but has not shown any more exceptional work. She is reliable and dependable in her work and there has been no complaints or issues. She earned a 3 rating| |which is average; this gave her a 3% raise and a small bonus. | |Beth is a 64YO Asian female with 41 years’ service. Beth stated she would probably retire this year, |A3 |$19,700 |89. 5% |3 |3% |400 | |but has yet to turn in her paperwork. She’s had a history of higher ratings, but her ratings have | | | | |$591 | | |slipped over the last 6 years. | | | | | | |Substantiation and Risk Analysis: Beth has been an outstanding worker but in the last 6 years, her ratings have dropped. She meets expectations of her job which gave her a ranking of 3. She was able to get the lowest| |raise of 3% and a small bonus. | |Ben is a 47YO white male with 27 years’ service. He’s a good worker, been with your group for a couple|A3 |21,000 |95. 5% |4 |5% |600 | |years. Hasn’t yet expanded his skills, which you thought he’d do even though hired for a specific job. | | | | |$1050 | | |What he does, he does outstandingly. | | | | | | | |Substantiation and Risk Analysis: Ben proves to provide excellent work when performing a specific job, but still has not stepped out to expand new skills. He earns a 4 rating which gives him a 5% raise and a $700 | |bonus. |Alex is a 30YO white male with 9 years’ service. He’s quite a guy, performs well at his job. Started |A2 |$15,800 |92. 9% |5 |8% |600 | |as an occupational worker and has worked his way into management. | | | | |$1264 | | |Substantiation and Risk Analysis: Alex has work his way up to earn what he does now in management. He has shown work that proves that he produce his job well in the manager level. He has earned the highest salary | |raise of 8% based on this appraisal rating with a bonus. | |Ken is a 20YO Hispanic male with 1 year service. Ken is young and fresh. You think he should have |A2 |$17,000 |100% |4 |6% |400 | |been hired at a higher level because his skills are so good. You don’t want to lose him because he | | | | |$1020 | | |adds value to the business. You’ll probably jump him to an A4 position soon. | | | | | | | |Substantiation and Risk Analysis: Ken should have been hired at a higher salary grade and does outstanding work for the skills that he has. He is currently paid 100% of his the salary pay scale but will most likely | |be moved to the A4 salary grade soon. To keep him within the company, we are offering him 1% more than the offered increase for the rating of 4 (which is 5%). He would be a great addition to the company and we may | |not want to lose him since we plan on moving him up. | |Cathy is your 19YO (ethnicity unknown) femaleHR Receptionist. She has been with the company for 1 |A2 |$12,000 |70. 6% |3 |3% |200 | |year. You recently completed her performance evaluation. | | | | |$360 | | |Substantiation and Risk Analysis: Cathy has been with our company for 1 year and does average work. She still has areas that she needs to focus on but also has areas of work that she completely exceeds. She does | |need much improvement in certain areas for a new hire. She was rated 3 since she meets work performance which gives her a 3% raise and a small bonus. | *This shows the pay scale range for each employee by percentage. Formula is current salary ? top salary range. This percentage range should be between 75% – 100%. Overall Comments: The salary decision was decided based on the appraisal rating. Ratings of 5 earned an 8% salary raise, ratings of 4 earned a 5% raise, and ratings of 3 earned a 3% raise. Anyone with a rating of 2 or 1 did not earn a raise, which no employee was rated that this year. These salary raise percentages were also considered based on the salary budget given of $9,000 which $8,729 was the expected salary raises overall. The decision was made to give any employee with a 3 rating earning or higher a raise because they did met, highly met, or exceed expectations. Employees that ranked 2 or lower in the appraisal rating needed some improvement or needs lots of improvement, therefore would not earn a raise or a bonus. There was 1 employee, Calvin, that we pro-rated his salary and bonus since he has only been with the company for 9 months. The bonus decision was decided by appraisal ratings and the salary grade the employee was in. Employees in A4 salary received a higher bonus and the lower salary grade received a lower bonus. Also, amounts were distributed based on the bonus budget of $5,000. See chart below. Estimated Bonus Given Based on Salary grade and appraisal rating Appraisal Ratings | |5 |4 |3 | |A4 |1000 |800 |600 | |A3 |800 |600 |400 | |A2 |600 |400 |200 | Salary grade Actual Bonus Given Based on salary grade and appraisal rating Appraisal Ratings | |5 |4 |3 |Total | |A4 |1000 |600* |600 |2200 | |A3 |0 |600 |800 |1400 | | | | |(2 employees x 400) | | |A2 |600 |400 |200 |1200 | |Total |1600 |1600 |1600 |4800 | Salary grade We were able to keep the bonus within budget of $4800. The amounts estimated happened to work with the bonus budget given. If bonus budget were a different amount, amounts estimated would change also. There were possibilities that not all employees, even if they have a rating of 3 or above, would have gotten a bonus, however, for this year, it worked out that all employees were able to earn a bonus. The remaining amount of $200 not used in the bonus budget was the pro-rated amount from employee, Calvin, which has only worked for us for 9 months. How to cite Hrm 590 Compendstion Decisions, Essay examples

Is Morality Dependent on Religion free essay sample

Morality is often referred to religion, as a lot of our laws come from religion; however that doesn’t mean morals are always dependent on religion; as some people believe in autonomy where they believe the principles of morality are based on reason and experience (the morals from society) and not necessarily on religious concepts. Whereas people that believe in heteronomy believe that morality comes directly from god, so there for is dependent on it.However some people believe points from both sides so think that morality doesn’t have to be completely dependent on religion but does sometimes need it. But if morality was based on religion we would all have the same rules and religion as all religions are different and if this was true then their shouldn’t be any conflict. In the view of heteronomy, they would say that religion and morality are linked it is even linked our rules with such things as the Ten Commandments. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Morality Dependent on Religion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even though some people may argue and say it is just known and is common sense for us to know not to kill, they would say without religions we would not know this, they would go on about how religion makes our society moral as without it, it would be based completely on autonomy, which they believe indicates that people would be able to do what they liked without having to be concerned with the consciences and become deontological.Overall heteronomy suggests that morality is dependent on religion as a guide for us to use to do right rather than everything being permissible. Corresponding to this autonomy and some Theonomy believers would argue that there are negative sides and opinions to morality and its suggested dependency on religion. For example a humanist would say â€Å"don’t believe in god, have a strong code of ethics, but believe that religion does more harm than good. † And even Lucretius C. 60 BCE believed that â€Å"such evil deeds could religion provoke. This all suggest that even before the Common Era religion brought negativity into society and created conflict so how can such an evil this decide and influence what is right and wrong let alone morality actually being dependent of it. A lot of people believe that if religion wasn’t hear our world would have developed more and be far more peaceful as there have been a lot of holy wars. A lot of religions discriminate against people they don’t agree with, but surely harming and disrespecting others is morally wrong and god wouldn’t tolerate it if he really was omnibenevolence then why would he allow and influence such things.

Descartes Goes to Hollywood

Descartes Goes to Hollywood Samantha Holland’s article addresses the ‘cyborg’ element in modern contemporary films and the philosophy surrounding cyborgs. Holland’s article focuses on Rene Descartes’ philosophy when analyzing the use of ‘half human-half machine’ characters in films.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Descartes Goes to Hollywood specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Samantha Holland addresses various angles of the mind-body philosophy in this article including personal identity, dualism of beings, gender, and technology. Throughout the article, the use of cyborgs in films is used as a tool of analysis by the author. This paper provides a prà ©cis of Holland’s â€Å"Descartes Goes to Hollywood: Mind Body and Gender in Contemporary Cyborg Cinema†. The article begins by providing examples of how materialism and dualism are manifested in cyborg cinema. The movie â€Å"Robo cop† is used to show both the materialistic OCP and the dual existence of Robocop (Holland 158). Holland presents readers with an example of how the mind-body philosophy is the central theme in most cyborg films. According to the article, there are a lot of conflicting philosophies that are contained in most cyborg films. In most cases, the film will be seeking to perpetuate a certain viewpoint but it ends up bringing up a contradiction. The conflict of the body and the mind is also the main theme in most cyborg films according to Holland. The author cites â€Å"The Terminator† and â€Å"Robocop† as examples of films with their main characters suffering from mind-body conflict. The article addresses the gender element in cyborg cinema. According to the author, although cyborg creators insist on the authenticity of the cyborg’s body, they also enhance the cyborg’s gender-look. The article cites the muscled Terminator and the feminine Cherry as exampl es of the emphasized gender-look in cyborgs.Advertising Looking for book review on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The article points out that the reason for gender emphasis in cyborg cinema is to maintain the body-essence and exploit gender roles. In addition, the article faults the notion that cyborgs are meant to go beyond gender boundaries and that they do not emphasize the common gender stereotypes. The author points out how the titles of cyborg films such as â€Å"Robocop†, â€Å"Cherry†, and â€Å"Eve of Destruction† are gender specific (Holland 165). The article continues by covering the feminist myth in most cyborg films. According to the author, most producers only try to portray strong female characters but they do not succeed. The portrayal of Sarah Connor in â€Å"Terminator† is used as an example of how feminism is usually misused in cyborg cinema. It is argue d that feminism is portrayed in both narrative and visual levels in cyborg films. The masculine male body possessed by most cyborgs is an example of the visual portrayal of the ‘strong male-gender’. The article also addresses the issue of how cyborg cinema portrays reproduction. According to the author, the ability to reproduce without using the female element can be interpreted as chauvinistic. The role of the cyborg cinema in the modern world is also addressed. Holland believes that cyborg cinema not only addresses future events but also present events. In addition, they serve as a critique of the human views on mind-body relations. The article concludes by noting that the cyborg cinema represents only the more acceptable notions of the body-mind theories. In addition, most cyborg films highlight the dualism of human beings and other forms. However, no film has been able to portray Descartes’ body-mind philosophy on an advanced level. The author also notes that most cyborg technology focuses on the machine-human interface as opposed to the human-machine interface. Therefore, most cyborg films are a manifestation of the growing anxiety over the increasing use of technology.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Descartes Goes to Hollywood specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Holland, Samantha. Descartes Goes to Hollywood.† Cyberbodies/Cyberpunk: Cultures  of Technological Embodiment. Ed. Mike Featherstone and Roger Burrows. New York, NY: Sage, 1996. 157-174. Print.

Information Technology Management Degrees and Careers

Information Technology Management Degrees and Careers An information technology management degree, or IT management degree, is a type of postsecondary degree awarded to students who have completed a college, university, or business school program that focuses on teaching students how to use computer software and systems to manage information. After completing the program, students should be able to find technology-based solutions to important business and management problems.   Types of Degrees There are three basic options for students who are interested in an information technology management degree. A bachelors degree is typically the minimum for most jobs in the information technology management field. Advanced jobs almost always require a masters or MBA degree. Bachelors Degree in IT Management: A bachelors degree in IT management is ideal for students seeking entry-level positions in this field. However, many information technology managers choose to earn a bachelors degree in information science, computer science, or information systems management instead. Regardless of the degree name, most bachelors programs take four years to complete and consist of general education courses combined with specialized courses in information technology and business management.Masters Degree in IT Management: A masters degree in information technology management or a related field is a requirement to work at some companies. It is especially recommended for advanced positions. A masters degree usually takes two years to complete once you have earned a bachelors degree. While enrolled in a masters program, you will study advanced topics in information technology. You will also take business, management, and leadership courses.Doctorate Degree in IT Manageme nt: The highest degree that can be earned in this area is a doctorate degree. This degree is well-suited for students who want to teach or perform field research. It can take anywhere from four to six years to earn a doctorate degree.​ Choosing a Program When choosing an information technology management program, you should first look at schools that are accredited to ensure you find a quality program with degrees respected by employers. It is also important to choose a school that has an up-to-date curriculum that focuses on the skills and knowledge you want to attain. Finally, take time to compare tuition, career placement rates, class size, and other important factors. Read more about choosing a business school. Information Technology Management Careers Students who earn an information technology management degree typically go on to work as IT managers. IT managers are also known as computer and information systems managers. They may be responsible for developing tech strategies, upgrading technology, and securing systems in addition to overseeing and directing other IT professionals. The exact duties of an IT manager are dependent on the size of the employer as well as the managers job title and level of experience. Some common job titles for IT managers include the following. IT Project Manager: Sometimes known as an IT Director, an IT project manager heads up a specific technology project. They may be responsible for managing upgrades and conversions. IT project managers typically have one or more IT professionals who report to them. They usually have at least a bachelors degree along with several years of experience.IT Security Manager:  An IT security manager is usually responsible for overseeing network and data security. They may help to develop, implement, and monitor security protocols. Entry-level positions may require only a few years of experience.Chief Technology Officer:  A CTO designs and recommends new technology for a business or organization. They typically report to a CIO but may have more technical expertise. Many CTOs began as an IT director or project manager. Most have 10 or more years of experience in the IT field.Chief Information Officer: A Chief Information Officer (CIO) helps to develop and oversee technology strategy for a b usiness or organization. They are the decision makers. CIO is an advanced position and typically requires at least an MBA along with 10 or more years of IT experience. IT Certifications Professional or tech certifications are not absolutely required to work in the information technology management field. However, certifications can make you more attractive to potential employers. You may also earn a higher salary if you have taken the required steps to become certified in specific areas.

Beethoven Hearing Loss May Have Shaped Transition in His Musical Essay

Beethoven Hearing Loss May Have Shaped Transition in His Musical Styles - Essay Example His works are different than any of the previous composers of his time via the formation of extended, architectonic, large forms differentiated by the exclusive development of motifs, themes, and musical materials, particularly by way of â€Å"modulation†, that is, an alteration in the sensation of home key, via a diversification of harmonic or keys regions. A great musician, an expert of almost anything, Beethoven composed thirty two sonatas in only just the years between 1792 and 1822. This time period was a time when Classical period was moving towards Romantic period. Beethoven’s music paralleled the concurrent development of the new idea in the literature, a form of literary emphasized on the expansion of one or more individuals through complicated circumstances of life, and of the contemporary nature of the idealism of Germans’ philosophy, spirit, mind that unfolds via an intricate procedure of challenges between the objective and subjective up till a synth esis or resolution happens in the scenario when all of these challenges and expansion phases have been included in a advanced harmony. (Mann, 2011) He was sent by his instructor to Vienna where he took lessons from Mozart. Mozart was an inspirer of Beethoven’s talent and abilities. ... There are three periods of his life: the first Vienna period (1792-1802), the middle period from 1802 to 1814, and the last period which was after 1815 until his death in 1827. Each period depicts a diverse musical style which was profoundly affected by his hearing disabilities, a study proclaims. Even though later works of Haydn reflected a superior variability between remote keys. The innovation of Beethoven was his capability to refurbish a solidity in contrasting varying keys and unanticipated noted to unite them. This explicit extension of realm of harmonic music makes a sense of experiential and vast musical space via the moves of music, and the expansion of materials of music makes a sense of restating drama in this room. (Mann, 2011) According to a research in British Medical Journal, there is dissimilarity between the music from the early life of Beethoven to the period when his hearing loss began in 1801 to the time period when he became completely deaf in 1825. The study w as made by a team of researchers at Amsterdam University in Netherlands on use of high notes in Beethoven’s composing career. The piano sonatas, which were composed by Beethoven in the period of transition from the Classic time period to Romantic (heroic) time period to Creative era, comprises of the elements of music that Beethoven took from his predecessors and shaped it in a genuinely novel form. Still, those sonatas evidently depicted the transition in his style of music and life, and this music of Beethoven became the antecedent to many of the great composers after his time and to current age. Beethoven is well known for most of his famous works which include the Emperor Concerto, Fifth symphony, the Eroica, his only one opera Fidelio, and Pastoral

Public transport information systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public transport information systems - Essay Example The plan for the journey should be chalked out in such a way that it will become very efficient for people to access it, moreover, with the system of electronic ticketing and all sorts of information regarding the fare. Background of Public Transport Information System In many developed and developing nations the need of an integrated public transport has been felt long ago and many countries including USA, UK, various other European countries, India, etc. governments of these countries have already installed the system in many of their cities and have made several plans for making the system more effective. For example, in UK the Government already had a 10 year plan that it will provide an integrated system of Public Transport Information System wherein people will gain in confidence on its service. In any country, this service is always based on based on the aim of providing clean, fair, efficient and safe mode of transportation. The key objective is to provide information all tim e on transport facilities by operators and authorities in charge of the public transport system. (Department of Transport, UK, pg. 2-3) In UK, there was a Public Transport Act of 2000 wherein it is said guidance has been detailed on how and how much information should be delivered, when asked, by local authorities and in what way the information should be made available to the customers. In this regard, the operators and the authorities should consult with the bus user groups and the traffic commissioner. (Department of Transport, UK, pg. 2-3) The information that is being delivered by the traffic operators and authorities are issued on paper but a great deal of information can be issued electronically. This will not only save time but also will deliver the information within the correct timeline, inclusive of all sorts of delay and incidents. On this purpose, equipments and systems has been routed for both buses and rails. (LIU p 1-2) In this regard, there are two types of informat ion. One is the Journey Planning Information and another being the In-Journey Information which includes information at stop or station. (LIU p 1-2) The information on Journey Planning is facilitated by a range of network owners and service provider websites and also from the National Railways Telephone enquiry service. In order to provide information on public transport through very often a series of regional centers linked with one another. Sometimes, in many countries, particularly in European countries, these regional centers are being run by a group of local authorities, bus operators and passenger transport executives who have partnership on the contract. These regional centers which provide information on local basis can be developed and linked together so as to enable service on national level with the provision of national real time information. (Nijkamp, p.137-139) In the other type of information system, called the In-Journey information, the system is based on real time information system which is being provided by the individual operators, which has been tested and proven in several trail sites. (Nijkamp, p.137-139) The development of the pubic information transport system frequently focuses on another key area of collation and delivery on information of fare so the passenger’

The War Of Nerves History Essay

The War Of Nerves History Essay The Cold War was a war that began after WWII between the United States and USSR. It was called the Cold War because this was a war of nerves. fought without using any type of artillery. This whole war was fought completely with words. [No, it was also fought in little countries] It was way to dangerous for both The USSR which was Russia [Russia was one segment of the USSR] to fight with the United States so they fought they basically pulled strings and fought using other countries. The United States helped [What about Korea?] South Vietnam as well as Afghanistan while Russia helped supply North Vietnam. That in a sense is how it evolved from the countries talking to war. These things coming forth lead to the Truman Doctrine being born. This doctrine clearly stated that the US would lend aid to all countries and free people who were willing to take a stand against the Soviet Union. Truman recognized that the growing of communism would be very to not just the US but other countries such as Greece who were already involved in civil wars would easily fall into communism with the promise of financial and military backing. Following the decree the US sent 400 million and the Union of NATO would then be formed. It then became known as a form of containment because the US used it to stall the spread of communism. Not only did it stall the Communists it helped the US expand their security as well as their influence. This tatic would prove to be very helpful and slow down the expansion in Korea, China, and Vietnam. NATO is beginning to step in and take affect as well. NATO is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It provided military defenses and began to allow some trade which the Soviet Union did not want. Many people believe it was the best defensive plan for slowing down and eventually somewhat controlling communism. Countries aligned and the Us sent troops to help over sea being clear to not try to envoke the the already angry soviet union. Therefore NATO had a really big affect in the Cold War. Upon slowing down the Soviet Union the US established the Marshall Plan. It helped rebuild the economic foundation for the countries in Europe. Even though the US was involved in war with the USSR they offered them the same kind of help but they chose to decline it seeing it as a slap in the face or rather a taunt. George Marshall put the plan together and it was his idea to offer it to the USSR. It helped in the Industrial and Agricultural production in the countries. To many people it was believed to be a very important part of the recovery of those countries that needed it. The Marshall Plan also allowed some form of trade between the countries. It still remains a key reason to ending the war. The US basically ran a close hand over the Cold War. They over seen just about everything and pretty much won the war without having to take up arms. They won the war using strategy and carefully placed plans and power of the dollar. We became the most influential and powerful nation as far as political and militarily. We did it militarily even though we did not have to fight at all. The US basically did not want the Soviet Union to become window to foreign trade like they wanted to become. They basically controlled the war while the Soviet Union tried to find ways around the US continuously running into road blocks such as the Marshall Plan and the Truman doctrine. There were many events that took place in the Cold War. The Berlin blockade was a major event. Stalin did this so that the people in West berlin could not receive food, supplies and anything else they might need. This then brought about another major even the airlift in which the US, Britain, France, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia air lifted good to west Berlin. Another event was the cancellation of the radio in Europe. But the last of the major events was the Berlin crisis. It kept the immigrants from coming in and getting out. Many people refereed to it as a Brain Drain to the younger people and generation. This just brought on more drama such as with the missles that almost brought in nuclear warfare. The Cold War lasted a very long time. From (1947- to 1991). It all started fall apart in 1989. The soviet Union was beginning to lose its power. Many believe the loss in power truly started when the Moscow Pact began to fall thorugh and major leaders and authority figures began to abandon the Union. The final blow to the Soviet Union began when the Berlin Wall came down that showed they had no more power and the people were taking back their freedom and their lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. In conclusion this whole war really could have been avoided if they would have just stopped trying to control the people of Eastern Europe. With Stalin in power in the USSR there was no way it could have been avoided. Unless you are William Faulkner, this essay should have been divided into paragraph. Where are your sources for this information?

Aging and Disability Worksheet Essay

Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1 Unequal treatment in employment – Poverty 2 Face prejudice and discrimination – Ageism 3 Face isolation – Elderly Abuse What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is the practice of prejudice of discrimination to the elderly. The way that ageism influences the presence of diversity in society is by robbing them of their of their choices, independence and treating them with disrespect. Also by treating them as if they are unable to handle things for themselves as if they have reverted back to an infantile stage. It should be noted that the elderly have a lot of knowledge and wisdom to bring to the table and are able to do the same if not more than society gives them credit for. Society also views elderly people as sickly, frail and unable to take care of themselves. What is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)? How does the ADA address issues for the aging population? The ADA is a civil rights law that was enacted in 1990 and that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities. This law addresses the issues for the aging population by protecting anyone that is 40+ from being fired or from employment discrimination. It is designed to protect the aging and/or elderly from being passed over for a promotion or raise, however, it is difficult. This law does in fact protect against being fired, however, it does not do anything for helping obtain employment because of your age. This law was definitely designed to protect the elderly or aging, and in short does help to some degree, however, I personally believe that there is more that can be done to protect the aging or elderly a little more than they are. What is being done to address the issues you identified? There are political organizations that have been established for the elderly. One of those organizations is the Older Women’s League (OWL), which was founded in 1980. Then there is the largest organization is the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), which was founded in 1958. These organizations were founded for the sole purpose of helping the elderly and aging with finding discounts for health insurance, nursing home reform, pension reform, social security benefits and a muriad of other resourses for the aging and the elderly. The AAPR represents 1 in every 4 registered voters in the Untied States. (AARP 2003) Is the number of aging population expected to rise in numbers or decrease? The number of aging population is expected to rise in numbers. According to the Bureau of Census 2008c, the population of baby boomers What types of legislation may or may not be affected by the aging population? How does poverty affect the aging population? Part II Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What does the ADA provide for people with disabilities? How have people with disabilities been treated in the past? How has the attitude toward people with disabilities changed over time? What are some unique circumstances or issues encountered by people with disabilities? What is being done to address those issues? What types of legislation have been introduced to address issues faced by people with disabilities? References: http://www.alfa.org/ Racial and Ethnic Groups, Thirteenth edition, by Richard T. Schaefer. Published by Merrill Prentice Hall. Copyright  © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. American Disabilities Act National Nedwork, Information, Guidance, and Training on the American with Disability Act /adata.org/

Adolp Coors Case Study Essay - 3373 Words

no. 1-0028 Adolph Coors Company (B) The following is the complete transcript of a speech given by Shirley Richard, director of corporate communications, at the International Association of Business Communicators annual conference on May 12, 1983. Introduction The winds of change are blowing, and as we progress into the information age, investigative journalism is something which will affect all of us—either as consumers, members of special interest groups, business persons, or members of the general public. Organizations—and especially businesses—will be forced in the years ahead to deal with investigative reporters in an open and forthright manner. Adolph Coors Company, the nations sixth largest brewer, has changed its news media†¦show more content†¦Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth 2 Adolph Coors Company (B) no. 1-0028 We established some message objectives which were based upon overall corporate objectives and identification of image problems in the market. These are extremely important in any interview situation. These are key points we would make if we had free air time. This is the heart of dealing successfully with investigative reporters. The message objectives we established were: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Coors has fair hiring practices and is a good place to work. The boycott is unfair and is carried on by a few rejected union officials. Coors cares about its employees, its products, its community, and its country. Coors is not anti-union. Coors makes a unique quality beer. Plan Elements: Make sure certain officers were adequately prepared prior to the Wallace interview. Maintain an open door policy with 60 Minutes throughout the investigation. Perform informal and formal research to measure results of the broadcast. Share 60 Minutes with employees and distributors after the shows airing. Budget: We established a budget which was spent primarily for professional telecommunications training. Establishing a budget is essential for all PR programs. Execution (by the Corporate Communications

Compromise Between Federalist And Anti Federalist Essay

Compromise between Federalist and Anti-Federalist My thesis is that the plan was to amend the articles of confederation, but there was too much wrong with it, because it gave too much federal power. The Federalist wanted a strong central government, and the Anti-federalist wanted more power in the states. The articles of confederation are the original constitution of the US, ratified in 1781, which was replaced by the US Constitution in 1789(p.48-49). The Federalist are the supporters of the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. The Anti-Federalist are the opponents of ratification of the U.S Constitution in 1787 and 1788. The biggest compromise that was made would be the federalist including agreeing to include bill of rights in the Constitution. We need a new constitution because of inequality because in the 1st amendment it say there is freedom of religion and speech, expression, assembly and the right of petition. But I doesn’t give freedom on access. Also, because it was outdated was written in 1787. The concerns the Anti-Federalist had were on Article II of the Constitution. Article II â€Å"established an entirely new concept in government—an elected executive power.†(p.575) Also the Constitution did not equally divide all power with the three branches of government. The Federalist didn’t have any concerns, but what they wanted was for the Constitution to pass. Another thing they wanted was a strong government. The plans that were involved with the compromise were theShow MoreRelatedThe Constitutional Convention And Ratification Debate1409 Words   |  6 Pagespower elites who have different backgrounds and ideas values and different platforms of support within the inclusive society (Hirst, 2005). In this theory, the government is considered a small tool or mechanism for mediating and balancing equilibrium between interest groups than being an active agent or custodian of law, policy in the society (Barry, n.d; Davis Go, 2 009). In this line of thought, the theory implies that there is no sole decision maker and that there are competing views from the constituentRead MoreThe Constitutional Convention And Ratification Debate1586 Words   |  7 Pageselites who have different backgrounds and ideology, values and different platforms of support within the inclusive society (Hirst, 2005). In this theory, the government is deemed a mere tool or mechanism for mediating and harmonizing equilibrium between interest groups than being an active agent or custodian of law, policy in the society (Barry, n.d; Davis Go, 2009). In this line of thought, the theory implies that there is no sole decision maker and that there are competing views from the constituentRead MoreSupporting The Federalist s Constitution1190 Words   |  5 Pagesfully function government. Another problem raised during this time was the separation between federalist and anti-federalist. The federalists favored of a strong central government w hile the opposing anti-federalists sought to split the power among the states more evenly. Additionally the federalists privileged some of the more conventional British policies that were in place before the war. The anti-federalists were in favor of power â€Å"for the people†. If I were alive during this time I would beRead MoreThe Constitutional Convention of 1787 Essay817 Words   |  4 Pagesissues. The delegates consisted of federalists who wanted a strong central government to maintain order and were mainly wealthier merchants and plantation owners and anti-federalists who were farmers, tradesmen and local politicians who feared losing their power and believed more power should be given to the states. The Constitutional Convention dealt with the issue of the debate between federalists and anti-federalists. 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The argument was also fueled by the debates between Federalists and Anti-FederalistsRead MoreThe Debate And Ratification Of The Constitution883 Words   |  4 Pagesgeneral Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.† The constitution was to serve basic rights to citizens, such as establishing fairness between each and every individual, insure that all men are treated equally, and insure that the Federal Government, along with the executi ve branch, maintains the law and peace inside the country. 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The problem was resolved by the Connecticut Compromise, which proposed a dual legislature with relative representation in the lower house and equal representation of the states in the upper house. The Article of Confederations had many strengths starting with declaring war and making peace. AnotherRead MoreThe New United States Constitution of 17871097 Words   |  4 Pageslegislature in which representatives would be appointed according to population. The Great Compromise between the states gave rise to a bicameral Congress in which states were given equal representation in the Senate and proportional representation in the House of Representatives. Roger Sherman played a decisive role in success of Philadelphia Convention. He is remembered as the architect of the Connecticut Compromise. When the Constitutional Convention became deadlocked over the matter of legislativeRead MoreConfederation And Constitution ( Ginger )1376 Words   |  6 PagesCongressional leaders began the process of drafting another document that would strengthen the weak federal government while continuing to ensure individual liberties. The Constitution of the United States was ratified in 1787 after m uch debate and compromise. (Charters of Freedom A More Perfect Union: The Creation of the U.S. Constitution The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_history.html [1/3/2016]) Articles of Confederation

Analysis Of Trufx An Adelaide Based Visual Effect Studio

Melanie Trieu Business Owner TruFX 33 Warwick Street, Adelaide, 5081 ABN: 53 024 921 617 ACN: 007 249 989 TruFX Business Plan Prepared: [date prepared] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TruFX is an Adelaide based visual effect studio. We will focus on the creation of visual effects for national television commercials, small film productions and websites. The target market is small to medium-size companies that have been established for two or more years. We will work from a small office within the Adelaide CBD. Melanie Trieu is the business owner and sole managing director of TruFX. Melanie is responsible for all of the design work and administrative details. The company is made up of four other employees who are essential to the company’s operation and future success. Start-up summary Background information Name of owners Melanie Trieu Industry knowledge experience/skills of key personnel: EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND – Melanie Trieu: †¢ Advanced Diploma of Screen and Media (Specialising in CGI and Visual Effects) at TAFE SA Technical and vocational skills: †¢ Knowledge in Mac OS, Windows 10 and Windows Office †¢ Lighting and texturing knowledge in the programs Autodesk Maya, Adobe Photoshop. Practical job experience: †¢ 6 months freelance Adelaide Motorbike Group EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND – Adam Smith: †¢ Bachelor of Media Arts at UniSA †¢ 1 term CDW Studios Technical and vocational skills: †¢ Knowledge in Windows 10 and Windows Office †¢ Compositing

Cellphones and Digital Networks Free Essays

Cell phones have been around for nearly 15 years and are now everywhere you look. Over a quarter of Americans and a half of Europeans own cell phones and the numbers have been increasing exponentially. With the continuing increase in technology cell phones have become smaller, cheaper, and thanks to the move from analog to digital the calls are much clearer. We will write a custom essay sample on Cellphones and Digital Networks or any similar topic only for you Order Now They offer a great amount of convenience, and can be very economically for the busy businessman on the go. Advancements in cell phones are always being made, giving a clearer sound and lighter feel, as well as a longer life. The cell phone industry has been one of the fastest growing in the world. The electronics are fairly simple, but they are so small that they are truly and engineering marvel. This paper will discuss in depth the many different components of the average cell phone, and talk about how it converts your voice into something that can be sent through a digital network. The paper will also look at how the inner workings allow for a phone to act as a microcomputer, with Internet access, address books, and even games. Finally, it will review the many exciting ideas for this growing market and look to the future of the industry, and how the industry plans on overcoming various limiting factors. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, 18 years later Guglielmo Marconi created the first radio. It was only natural that these two great technologies would eventually be combined to create the cellular craze. In the 80’s few people used radiophones, these phones were the precursor to cellular, but they had several limiting factors preventing them from every becoming a major part of everyday society. In the radio telephone system, there was one central antenna tower per major city, and no more than 25 channels available on that tower. Each phone needed a powerful transmitter, big enough to transmit 40 or 50 miles. It also meant that not many people could use radiotelephones due to the lack of channels. With the current cellular system any none adjacent cell can use the same frequency, so the amount of phones that can be used are nearly limitless. These cells also mean that each phone does not need a strong transmitter, so the phone can be a lot smaller. With the innovation of digital phones, many great features are now available, such as caller id, Internet access, and several other new features. It also meant that the phone would need a microprocessor to convert from analog to digital, this complicated the circuitry, but left it with new technology available the industry was able to make the phone as small as possible. The only restriction in size became the user-input devices, and the screen size. Usefulness of the Digital Cell Phone The digital cellular phone offers many advantages to today†s society. The conveniences that it offers over simply not having one are obvious and they vary from person to person. But there are many advantages over other types of phones as well. The cellular phone not only allows people to communicate with others while they are on the go, but it also offers many other features to help people. With the services that digital provides, people can access email and find information almost anywhere in the world for a reasonable fee. In the future, as the integration of phones and computers grow, people will be able to access tutorials in the field, and use them to communicate with specialists saving a great amount of time for many researchers. Today digital cell phones, such as the one shown in Appendix C figure 1, can process millions of calculations per second in order to compress and decompress the voice stream. In order to do this each phone is equipped with a circuit board that contains many different chips. The circuit board of a common phone is shown in Appendix C figure 2. Two chips described earlier are the Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog conversion chips that translate the outgoing audio signal from analog to digital and the incoming signal from digital back to analog. There is also a Digital Signal Processor that is highly customized processor designed to perform signal manipulation calculations at high speed. The microprocessor controls the keyboard and display and deals with command and control signaling with the base station, it also coordinates the rest of the functions on the board. This microprocessor is as powerful as the super computer of the 70’s that took up whole rooms, but is now the size of a finger. By using its arithmetic/logic unit or ALU it can perform all mathematical operation that run many of today features in phones. It is also responsible for the transfer of data throughout the phone. It will also make decisions and then run a new set of instructions. In Appendix C figure 3 a very simple microprocessor is shown. Cell phones use microprocessors that are much more complex, but the use the same idea. The ROM and flash memory chips provide storage for the phone’s operating system and customizable features, such as the directory and various simple games. (Appendix C figure 4) The RF and power section handles power management and recharging, and also deals with the hundreds of FM channels. Finally, the Radio Frequency amplifiers handle signals in and out of the antenna. The Radio Frequency amplifier is the same device as you would find in your car’s radio. The display has grown considerably in size as the number of features offered by cell phones has increased. Most phones currently available offer built-in phone directories, calculators and even games. It some new products that will be discussed later, cell phone counter as PDA’s offering very large screen and offer all of the benefit you would find in today’s hand held computers. The display is a liquid crystal display (LCD). It is made of thousands of tiny crystals with two possible colors. They have recently announced that they will be offering color screens on some new phones that work like the display of a laptop computer. Very small speakers and microphones, about the size of a dime, amplify the analog waves. These devices are just like that of a portable radio and the microphones used on television talk shows. They are both wired to the microprocessor. In order for digital cell phones to take advantage of the added capacity and clearer quality, they must convert your voice into binary information. This means that it must break it down to 1’s and 0’s. The reason that this is so advantageous is that unlike analog, digital is either on or off, 1 or 0, instead of oscillating between the two. For the conversion, the device must first record an analog wave, such as the one in Appendix B figure 1. To create the highest fidelity possible, it records number to represent the wave, instead of the wave itself as represented in Appendix B figure 2. The cell phones analog-to-digital converter, a device that is also found in a CD player, does this process. On the other end a separate digital-to-analog converter is used for playback. The quality of transfer depends on the sampling rate, that controls how many samples are taken per second, and the sampling precision. The precision controls how many different levels are possible in the sample. The better these two are the clearer the sound, but it takes a higher speed processor and requires a greater amount of data transfer. In Appendix B the benefits are shown in figure 3. Most common digital cellular systems use Frequency Shift Keying to send data back and forth. This system uses one frequency for 1’s and another for 0’s and rapidly switching between the two. This requires optimal modulation and encoding schemes for recording, compressing, sending, and then decoding without loss of quality. Because of this digital phones contain an amazing amount of processing power. The cellular network is web of towers covering areas, generally thought of as hexagonal cells as shown in APPENDIX A Figure 1. The genius of the cellular system is because cell phones and base stations use low-power transmitters, so the same frequencies can be reused in non-adjacent cells. Each cell is about 10 square miles and has a base station that consists of a tower and a small building containing the radio equipment. As more people join the cellular world, companies are quickly adding more towers to accommodate them. Every digital carrier is assigned different frequencies, an average carrier may get about 2400 frequencies per city, and this number is about three times the amount as analog. The reason that more channels are available is because digital data can be compressed and manipulated much easier than analog. Each tower uses one seventh of the available frequencies, so none of the surrounding 6 towers interfere. The cell phone uses two frequencies per call, called a duplex channel. The duplex channel allows one channel to be used for listening and the other for talking, so unlike a CB or walkie-talkie, both people can talk at the same time. This system currently allows for about 168 people to talk in each cell, for each system. The cellular approach requires a large number of base stations in a city of any size, but because so many people are using cell phones, costs remain low per user. Every cell phone has a special code associated with it, called an electronic serial number (ESN). It is a unique 32-bit number programmed into the phone when it is manufactured. When the phone is activated another five digit code called a system identification code (SID), a unique 5 digit number that is assigned to each carrier by the FCC, is imprinted in the phones memory. When you first power up a cell phone, it checks a control channel to find the SID. If the phone cannot find any control channels to listen to, it knows it is out of range, and displays a no service message. After finding the SID, the phones check to see if it matches the SID programmed in the phone, and if it does not match it knows that the phone is roaming. The central location that the cell phone is registered to keeps track of the cell that your phone is in, so that it can find you when someone calls the phone. When the phone is turned on it sends its ESN to the control channel. If the phone goes out of range, it will take a short while to locate your phone when it enters back into service. This can cause loss of calls, even though the phone is in service, but this problem is very temporary. When someone does call your phone it is sent to the central tower called the Mobile Telephone Switching Office (MTSO). This office is continually communicating with the cell phone. It sends and receives the calls, as well as telling it what frequencies to use. This is all done through the control channel, so it does not impair any calls. As you move toward the edge of your cell, the cell’s tower will see that your signal strength is diminishing. At the same time, the base station in the cell you are moving toward, which is listening and measuring signal strength on all frequencies, will be able to see your phone’s signal strength increasing. The two base stations coordinate themselves through the MTSO, and at some point, your phone gets a signal on a control channel telling it to change frequencies. There are three common technologies used by cell phone providers. These are Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). In FDMA every call is done on a separate frequency. FDMA separates the spectrum into distinct voice channels by splitting it into uniform chunks of bandwidth. This is very similar to the way that radio stations operate. Each station is assigned a signal at a different frequency within the available band. FDMA is used mainly for analog transmission, so it is slowly being phased out. It is capable of carrying digital information, but it is not considered an efficient method for digital transmission. Time Division Multiple Access gives each call a certain amount of time on a frequency. The Electronics Industry Alliance and the Telecommunications Industry Association use TDMA. In TDMA, a narrow bandwidth that is 30 kHz wide and 6. 7 milliseconds long is split time-wise into three time slots. (Appendix D, figure 1) Each conversation gets the radio frequency for one-third of the time. This is possible because voice data that has been converted to digital information is compressed so that it takes up significantly less transmission space. Therefore, TDMA has three times the capacity of an analog system using the same number of channels. TDMA systems operate in either the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz frequency bands. Some phones have the ability to switch between bands. This function is called simply Dual-Band, and is important when traveling between different band frequencies. TDMA is also the access technology for Global System for Mobile communications. The Global system uses different frequencies in different areas of the world and is not compatible with other TDMA systems. GSM operates in the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands in Europe and Asia and in the 1900 MHz band in the United States. GSM systems use encryption to make phone calls more secure. GSM is the international standard in Europe, Australia and much of Asia and Africa. In covered areas, cell-phone-users can buy one phone that will work anywhere else the standard is supported. To connect to the specific service providers in these different countries, GSM-users simply switch SIM cards. SIM cards are small removable disks that slip in and out of GSM cell phones. They store all the connection data and identification numbers you need to access a particular wireless service provider. Unfortunately, the 1900 MHz GSM phones used in the United States are not compatible with the international system. 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A doll house ; a raisin in the sun Essay Example For Students

A doll house ; a raisin in the sun Essay A Doll House, by Henrik Ibsen, and A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, both have central themes of search of self-identity within a social system. This is demonstrated by women characters from both plays breaking away from the social standards of their times and acting on their own terms. In most situations women are to be less dominant than men in society. These two plays are surprisingly different from the views of women in society and of the times and settings that they take place in. Henrik Ibsens A Doll House, which was written during the Victorian era, introduced a woman as having her own purposes and goals, making the play unique and contemporary. Nora, the main character, is first depicted as a doll or a puppet because she relies on her husband, Torvald Helmer, for everything, from movements to thoughts, much like a puppet who is dependent on its puppet master for all of its actions. Noras duties, in general, are restricted to playing with the children, doing housework, and working on her needlepoint. A problem with her responsibilities is that her most important obligation is to please Helmer. Helmer thinks of Nora as being as small, fragile, helpless animal and as childlike, unable to make rational decisions by herself. This is a problem because she has to hide the fact that she has made a decision by herself, and it was an illegal one. In Act I, it seems evident that Nora does not understand the actual value of money but she has an infatuation with luxurie s such as expensive Christmas gifts and she justifies this by buying less expensive clothes, which she has confided in Mrs. Linde, her friend. Helmer, immediately labels his wife as a little spendthrift (Ibsen, 660). She seems to think that money can be easily borrowed and paid back. Nora: Oh, but Torvald, we can squander a little now. Cant we? Just a tiny, weebit. Now that youve got a big salary and are going to make piles and piles of money. (Ibsen, 660)Helmer feels strongly that women and finances should have nothing to do with each other, and that a woman could never rationally economize a household. He feels that taking loans out in order to buy expensive items is unnecessary and most importantly, what would other people think?Helmer: Nora, Nora, how like a woman! No, but seriously, Nora, you know what I think about that. No debts! Never borrow! Something of freedoms lost-and something of beauty too-from a home thats founded on borrowing debt. Weve made a brave stand up to now, the two of us; and well go right on like that the little we have to (Ibsen, 660). Nora thought she did the right thing by borrowing money when Helmer was sick and not telling him. She knows that it was illegal to forge her fathers signature but feels that this crime should not apply to her because she had the good intention of helping her husband get well. This can be seen as an example of the subordinate position of women in society. Nora was thinking of the well being of her husband, while not thinking about the rules of the business world which is where men had all of the power at the time and even today. This is evident when Krogstad, the man she borrowed money from, comes to meet with Nora with the forged loan to discuss what she has done. Krogstad: Laws dont inquire motives. Nora: Then they must be very poor laws. Krogstad: Poor or not-if I introduce this paper in court, youll be judged according to law. Nora: This I refuse to believe. A daughter hasnt a right to protect her dying father from anxiety and care? A wife hasnt a right to save her husbands life? I dont know much about laws, but Im sure that somewhere in the books these things are allowed. And you dont know anything about it-you who practice the law? You must be an awful lawyer, Mr. Krogstad (Ibsen, 669). After Krogstad threatens to expose Noras crime, she comes to the realization that what she did was in fact illegal. This is the beginning of the end for Noras perfect marriage and family. She tries to use her feminine charm on the men in her life to make the situation right. Nora tries to please Helmer by dressing up and doing the tarantella dance. She pretends that she needs him to teach her every move in order to relearn the dance. This is evidence of Noras submissiveness to her husband. Helmer in turn shows interest in Nora physically and emotionally, but not intellectually which is consistent throughout the play. It is obvious that Helmer looks at Nora as his object. Nora: Torvald, dont look at me like that!Helmer: Cant I look at my richest treasure? At all that beauty thats mine, mine alone-completely and utterly,Nora (moving around to the other side of the table): You mustnt talk to me that way tonight. Helmer (following her): The tarantella is still in your blood. I can see-and it makes you even more enticing. Listen. The guests are beginning to go. (Dropping his voice.) Nora-itll soon be quite through this whole house. (Ibsen, 682)When Nora feels that she has no where else to turn to for help in hiding her secret, she goes to Dr. Rank, a friend of Helmers, who is also attracted to Nora physically. Nora feels that Rank will be able to prevent her from the consequences she is about to face with her husband, but he wants to tell her how he feels about her. Just as she is about to tell him about her situation, Dr. Rank professes his love for her, and Nora simply replies, Really, I dont know what to say-Why did you have to be so clumsy, Dr. Rank! Everything was so good. (Ibsen, 675) This proves that Noras charm has worked but not for what she really wanted. Nora can be seen as selfish and naive, but she is only a product of the society that she was raised in. She has been handed everything that she has needed in life by her father and later by her husband because she is a woman. It is obvious that she has become dependent on the men in her life. The art of art EssayBeneathas character is very similar to Nora in A Doll House. She is searching for self-identity within a social structure that constrains her because she is an African American woman. Like Helmer, Walter, her brother, does not believe that his sister is capable of fulfilling her dreams of going to medical school and becoming a doctor because it is not a typical occupation for a woman to be in. Walter: Who the hell told you you had to be a doctor? If you so crazy bout messing round with sick people-then go be a nurse like the other women-or just get married and be quiet (Hansberry, 1278)Another issue that Walter is worried about is where is the money going to come from to educate her? He has more important plans with the insurance money than to provide an education for Beneatha, whom he feels should be doing more for the family than worry about becoming a doctor. He feels this way because while the rest of the family is working hard all day trying to make ends meet, Beneatha is at school. When she comes home she brings her ideas and thoughts with her and this makes Walter feel inferior. Unlike Nora, from the beginning, Beneatha wants to be independent. She does not want to have to rely on her family or anybody else to put her through school. When Beneatha is at school, she feels as if she has a place in society. She is surround with people who are similar to her. When she i s at home she is uncertain of her place because of the contradicting views her family has of their social status. She frequently questions the ideas and values of her family. There was a discussion between Mama, Ruth and Beneatha about rich white people verses rich colored people, and Beneatha was stating that the only people in the world who are more snobbish than rich white people are rich colored people. (Hansberry, 1282) Mama immediately said, You must not dislike people cause they well off. (Hansberry, 1282) Beneatha felt that her mother did not understand the concept of how society easily labels people of all classes, and she replies, Why not? It make just as much sense as disliking people cause they are poor, and lots of people do that. (Hansberry, 1282) Beneatha knows that in her society she may be looked down on because of the color of her skin and her sex, but she will not let that stop her from accomplishing her dreams. While Mama, on the other hand, has lived through man y years segregation and has become accepting of her place in society, but wants to see a better life for her children. Mama puts up with Beneatha expressing her opinions and ideas about issues, but the one thing she will not put up with is Beneatha denouncing God. Mama was raised in a completely different society, where religion was everything, it was something you had and believed in when you had nothing else. When Mama, Ruth and Beneatha, were talking about Beneatha becoming a doctor only God willing, Beneatha relied, God hasnt got a thing to do with it. Does he pay my tuition? (Hansberry, 1282-1283) Mama immediately reprimanded her and slapped her. Not only does Beneatha question society but also religion and its purpose. George Murchison is one of Beneathas friends. He is rich, and Beneathas family feels that he would be a good husband for her because of this. Beneatha: As for George. Well. George looks good-hes got a beautiful car and he takes me to nice places and, as my sister-in-law says, he is probably the richest boy I will ever get to know and I even like him sometimes-but if the Youngers are sitting around waiting to see if their little Bennie is going to tie up the family with the Murchisons, they are wasting their time. (Hansberry, 1282)Beneatha sees past the money and feels she could never love him for who he really is, he is not as interesting to her as Asagai, and their conversations are not as intellectual. It is obvious that George does not go out with her for her because of her mind, unlike Asagai who is interested in her thoughts. Beneatha: Then why read books? Why go to school?George (with artificial patience, counting on his fingers): Its simple. You read books-to learn facts-to get grades-to pass the course-to get a degree. Thats all-it has nothing to do with thoughts. (Hansberry, 1295)Beneatha also questions her heritage. Asagai, a friend and romantic interest, who is originally from Nigeria, makes her curious to find out about her origins. He introduces her to African customs and styles of dress. He encourages her to be herself and not to fall into the assimilationism that is so popular in your country. (Hansberry, 1286) Beneatha also confides in him when Walter loses the money, and she feels that there is no hope for her dreams. Asagai feels that Beneatha should go back to Africa with him, to help find her identity there, now that she feels Walter has taken it all away from her. At the end of the play it is unclear whether or not Beneatha would actually leave her family in order to find herself and pursue her dreams of becoming a doctor. She is obviously is not going to marry George, although Walter would like her to because of the money. Living in such close quarters for so many years with her family, she developed a love-hate relationship with all of them. I would be surprised if she did actually go to Africa. Like Nora, Beneatha at the end of the play has a strong sense of self. She knows what she wants, and is determined to accomplish her dream. BibliographyHansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. The Bedford Introduction to Drama. Ed. Lee A. Jacobus. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2001. 1274 1310. Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll House. The Bedford Introduction to Drama. Ed. Lee A. Jacobus. Boston: Bedford/ST. Martins, 2001. 659 688.